A hybrid NSGA-II algorithm for the closed-loop supply chain network design in e-commerce

Designing the supply chain network is one of significant areas in e-commerce business management. This concept plays a crucial role systems. For example, location-inventory-pricing-routing an considered issue this field. field established many severe challenges modern world, like maintaining for returned items, preserving customers’ trust and satisfaction, developing applicable with cost considerations. The research proposes multi-objective mixed integer nonlinear programming model to design closed-loop based on context. proposed incorporates two objectives that optimize business’s total profits satisfaction. Then, numerous numerical examples are generated solved using epsilon constraint method GAMS optimization software. validation given has been tested large problems via hybrid two-level non-dominated sort genetic algorithm. Finally, some sensitivity analysis performed provide managerial insights.